Geographia Polonica (2026) vol. 99, iss. 2
Redefining the role of landscape parks in Poland: A Q method analysis of stakeholder perspectives from the Małopolskie Voivodship
Geographia Polonica (2026) vol. 99, iss. 2, pp. 189-216 | 
Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0322
Abstract
Protected landscapes (IUCN Category V) have expanded across Europe as tools for conserving biodiversity and cultural heritage in human-shaped environments. Their growing role in local development raises questions about management priorities and stakeholder expectations. This study investigates the perspectives of three stakeholder groups – park employees, local authorities, residents – regarding the functioning of 11 landscapeparks in the Małopolskie Voivodship. Using Q methodology (105 respondents), four dominant perspectives were identified, reflecting divergent assessments of the current role of parks and expectations regarding their functions, ranging from conservation-oriented to development-oriented approaches and differing in the importance attached to environmental, economic and participatory priorities. Despite divergences, broad support for landscape parks was evident. The findings suggest a need to strengthen their role in supporting local development compatible with conservation goals and foster more participatory forms of governance.
Keywords: protected areas, landscape parks, Małopolskie Voivodship, heritage conservation, local development, stakeholders’ perspectives, Q methodology
[zawilinb@uek.krakow.pl], Department of Social and Economic Geography Krakow University of Economics Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Krakow: Poland
[lapczynm@uek.krakow.pl], Department of Market Analysis and Marketing Research, Krakow University of Economics Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Krakow: Poland
[majewskk@uek.krakow.pl], Department of Social and Economic Geography Krakow University of Economics Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Krakow: Poland
