Szymon Walczakiewicz
Articles
Geographia Polonica (2026) vol. 99, iss. 1, pp. 99-120 | 
Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0319
Abstract
The main research aim was to determine changes in synoptic conditions during rainfall incidents that led to catastrophic flood events in south-western Poland in 1997, 2010 and 2024. The synoptic analysis was based on data from the ERA5 (ECMWF – European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) reanalysis containing information on such variables as atmospheric pressure, geopotential, moisture content or direction and speed of air flow in the lower troposphere. The study also includes information on hydrological conditions on the rivers covered by the gauge stations (IMGW-PIB), specifying the height of the exceedance of the alarmcondition and the number of days. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the spatial distribution and accumulation of precipitation caused by the migration of the low-pressure system from over the Gulf of Genoa was significantly influenced by the blocking high. The presence of a jet stream and atmospheric fronts associated with forming shallow lows within the main low baric center was also a supporting factor. In addition, the elevated sum of accumulated precipitation associated with the 2024 rainfall incident again signals a problem related to the rapid warming of the Mediterranean Sea, affecting the overall sum and distribution of precipitation in Europe.
Keywords: flood, precipitation, severe weather, climate change, Poland
[sulik@umk.pl], Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management Nicolaus Copernicus University Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń: Poland; Skywarn Poland Warsaw: Poland
[szymon.walczakiewicz@usz.edu.pl], Institute of Marine and Environmental Science University of Szczecin Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin: Poland; Skywarn Poland Warsaw: Poland
[malgorzata.swiatek@usz.edu.pl], Institute of Marine and Environmental Science University of Szczecin Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin: Poland
[319581@stud.umk.pl], Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management Nicolaus Copernicus University Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń: Poland
Impact of climate change on water resources in lowland Poland
Geographia Polonica (2025) vol. 98, iss. 1, pp. 5-28 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0290
Abstract
In this study, climate change was described by area-averaged annual precipitation totals and area-averaged mean annual temperature values in each catchment area, while water resources were described by mean monthly specific discharges in these catchments. Thirty-seven catchments located entirely in lowland areas of Poland were selected for the analysis. The research was conducted based on data from hydrological years 1961-2021. In order to compare changes in annual precipitation totals and mean annual air temperature values with changes in annual mean specific discharge, linear trends of the mentioned variables were determined. The effect of precipitation totals and air temperature on specific discharge in individual catchments was determined using multiple regression. Statistically significant increase in the value of mean annual air temperature was recorded for all studied catchment areas. In none of the examined catchments were the changes in annual precipitation totals statistically significant. Analysis of the time trends of specific discharge showed statistically significant decreases in their annual mean values in almost half of examined catchments. The correlations between specific discharge, air temperature and precipitation totals are not very strong, which is mainly due to the strong impact of other, anthropogenic factors on water management.The greatest negative changes are observed in the central part of Poland. Specific discharge is more strongly dependent on precipitation totals than on temperature, with the effect of air temperature only being reflected in the volume of water resources after a certain period of time.
Keywords: Polish lowlands, specific discharge, air temperature, precipitation totals, climate change
[malgorzata.swiatek@usz.edu.pl], Institute of Marine and Environmental Science University of Szczecin Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin: Poland
[szymon.walczakiewicz@usz.edu.pl], Institute of Marine and Environmental Science University of Szczecin Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin: Poland; Skywarn Poland Warsaw: Poland
Changes in specific runoff in river catchments of Western Pomerania versus climate change
Geographia Polonica (2022) vol. 95, iss. 1, pp. 25-52 | Full text
doi: https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0225
Abstract
This paper examines specific runoffs in the catchments of the rivers Ina, Rega, Parsęta, Radew and Wieprza in the hydrological years 1981 through 2019. The magnitude of specific runoff is an indirect measure of water resources in a given region. Except for the Radew catchment, mean annual specific runoffs have diminished in all the analyzed catchments through the study period. In some or all of the catchments, runoffs from April through July have also diminished. The largest changes have been observed for June in the In a and Parsętacatchments. These changes are basically due to the increase in air temperature.
Keywords: Pomeranian Lake District, Southern Baltic coastlands, temporal trends in river runoff, climate change effects, water resource depletion
[malgorzata.swiatek@usz.edu.pl], Institute of Marine and Environmental Science University of Szczecin Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin: Poland
[szymon.walczakiewicz@usz.edu.pl], Institute of Marine and Environmental Science University of Szczecin Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin: Poland; Skywarn Poland Warsaw: Poland