Geographia Polonica (1979) vol. 40

V.a. Pulyarkin, Institute of Geography, Academy of Sciences of the USRR, Moscow

I.m. Kuzina, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, USSR
L.f. Yanvaryova, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, USSR

A.n. Rakitnikov, Faculté de Géographie, Université de Moscou, URSS

T.a. Solovtsova, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, USSR

A. Yu. Parfenova, Teachers' Training College, Uralsk, USSR

I. F. Mukomel, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Odessa University, USSR
K.e. Povitchannaya, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Odessa University, USSR
S.v. Stetsenko, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Odessa University, USSR

V. G. Kryuchkov, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, USSR

L. M. Zaltsman, Faculté d'Economie, Université de Moscou, URSS
S. J. Polovenko, Faculté d'Economie, Université de Moscou, URSS

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the identification of the types of agriculture in the USSR on the basis of the methods suggested by the Commision (J. Kostrowicki 1976) and thus forms part of the research on the typology of world agriculture. Moreover, this report presents the experience gained in using these methods in the specific conditions in individual countries.

L. I. Gorbunova, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, USSR
M. V. Komleva, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, USSR
L. V. Shishkina, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, USSR

Abstract

The paper presents preliminary results and discussion related to the appli-cation of the third version of the typology of world agriculture (Kostrowicki 1976) to Canada. As such, it represents a further stage in an iterative process, whereby successive versions of the global typology scheme are tested at the national level, in an effort to provide both substantive results and critical eva-luation of the scheme itself. Although, as Kostrowicki notes, the third version is the last for which the I.G.U. Commission has responsibility, the process will undoubtedly continue.

M.j. Troughton, Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada

Abstract

India has often been described as an area of subsistence agriculture. Great advances, however, have been made in the Indian agriculture in the post-inde-pendence period. The recent improvements as a consequence of land reforms, consolidation of holdings, provision of irrigational facilities, scientific advance-ments in agricultural researches, implements, use of fertilizers, manures and pesticides, have ushered the Green Revolution in large segment of the country increasing agricultural production by 62 per cent.

India covers an area of 3,267,500 km2 of which only 45 per cent is under plough, 20 per cent under irrigation and only 15 per cent under double crop-ping. Forests cover 17 per cent of the area. The cropping system is mainly food oriented as only 18 per cent of the cultivated area is devoted to commercial crops. Livestock, dairying and poultry is least developed on commercial scale. They exhibit a contrasting but inter-related physical, socio-cultural and econo-mic conditions. There are well established regional variations in agriculture, industry, irrigational and commercial activities. Large areas of tribal and other backward communities have not been affected by either the Green Revolution or by industrial, institutional and commercial activities. Only a micro level study in agricultural typology can reveal the homogeneity in agricultural attri-butes and also in the level of agriculture. This study has been undertaken at state level so that the results can be represented on the world map showing agricultural typology of India.

V.r. Singh, Department of Geography, Bañaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

B. P. Panda, Department of Geography, K.G. Arts and Science College, Raigarh, M.R. India

Jacqueline Bonnamour, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
Chantal Gillette, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Fontenay-aux-Roscs, France

Abstract

The present paper is based on material collected during the author's stay in Austria in 1975 for 25 agricultural production regions, Landwirtschaftliche Produktionsgebiete (LPG) for the years 1960 and 1970.Those data served as a basis for computing 27 variables representing 24 diagnostic features expressed by codes recommended by the Commission in the final version of the typology of world agriculture (J. Kostrowicki 1976). Both the deviation and the successive products methods were applied to identify the types of agriculture.

Roman Szczęsny, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Abstract

The paper presents an attempt to apply the concept and method of agri-cultural typology, as described in the final version of the typology of world agriculture,1 to the identification of agriculture types of the Thracian Basin, Central Bulgaria.

Wiesława Tyszkiewicz, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Krystyna Bielecka, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Mirosław Paprzycki, Committee for Space Economy and Regional Planning, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Krystyna Bielecka, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland
Mirosław Paprzycki, Committee for Space Economy and Regional Planning, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Zenon Piasecki, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland

Abstract

Madhya Pradesh is agriculturally a backward State as compared with such progressive States of India as Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Kerala etc. Since independence was gained there has been a consistent effort on the part of the Government of Madhya Pradesh and also the Centre, to improve the agri-cultural situation in different parts of Madhya Pradesh. Since 1951 Madhya Pradesh has seen four Five Year Plans, during which much has been done to develop agriculture on the regional basis by making available to the farmer a substantial quantity of chemical fertilizers, improved variety of seeds and facilities of irrigation and power. However, it has to be admitted that neither the geographical conditions nor the attitudes of peasant community in different parts of the State permit uniform development of agriculture. There are im-balances in the regional development and the authors have attempted to pin--point these imbalances in this article.

J.p. Saxena, Professor of Geography, M.L.B. Arts and Commerce College, Gwalior, India
S.n. Mehrotra, Joint Director of Education, M.P., Bhopal, India

Jasbir Singh, Department of Geography, Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India

Sofus Christiansen, Department Of Geography, University Of Copenhagen, Denmark

Uuno Varjo, Department of Geography, University of Oulu, Finland

Jerzy Kostrowicki, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00‑818 Warszawa, Poland